What surface temperatures can lead to strong convective updrafts and cumulus clouds?

Higher surface temperatures can lead to strong convective updrafts and the development of cumulus clouds because heat from the sun warms the Earth's surface. When the surface temperature increases, the air above it also warms up. Warm air is lighter and tends to rise due to its lower density compared to the cooler air surrounding it.

As this warm, moist air rises, it can cool and condense at higher altitudes, often forming cumulus clouds. If the conditions are right, this process can lead to significant convection, resulting in strong updrafts. These updrafts are essential for the development of not only cumulus clouds but also more severe weather phenomena like thunderstorms.

In contrast, lower, stable, or moderate temperatures may not provide sufficient energy for strong convective activity, limiting the development of significant cloud formations.