What is defined as a change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance?

Wind shear is a term used to describe a change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance. It can occur either vertically or horizontally in the atmosphere and is an important factor for pilots and air traffic controllers to consider, especially during takeoff and landing phases of flight.

The presence of wind shear can lead to sudden and unexpected changes in an aircraft's performance, making it a critical element to monitor in flight operations. For instance, encountering a wind shear can lead to conditions that affect an aircraft's lift and control, resulting in challenges during landing and takeoff.

Understanding wind shear is vital for safety in aviation because it can be a precursor to turbulence or abrupt shifts in flight conditions. By recognizing and having strategies to address wind shear, pilots can effectively adjust their approach and maintain safe flight operations.