What does the term "vectoring" refer to in air traffic control?

The term "vectoring" in air traffic control specifically refers to the process of assigning a specific flight path to an aircraft, often using headings or courses that the pilot must follow. This technique is used to safely guide aircraft through congested airspace, around obstacles, or onto final approaches for landings. By providing vectoring instructions, controllers can ensure separation between aircraft, optimize traffic flow, and respond to changing circumstances such as weather or runway closures.

Vectoring is crucial in maintaining safety and efficiency in busy airspace. It allows air traffic controllers to direct aircraft in real-time based on the current traffic situation and other operational needs, demonstrating its significance in air traffic management.